Nobel prize are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel’s will of 1895, are awarded to “those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.” Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his “remaining realisable assets” to be used to establish five prizes which became known as “Nobel Prizes.” Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.
Awarded for Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Economics and Peace,
characterized the Peace Prize as “to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses”. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, to also be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.
The Nobel Prizes, beginning in 1901, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, beginning in 1969, have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 25 organizations. Five individuals and two organisations have received more than one Nobel Prize.
Among the recipients, 11 are Indians (four Indian citizens and seven of Indian ancestry or residency). Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded and also first Asian to be awarded in 1913. Mother Teresa is the only woman among the list of recipients.
Here is a complete list of Nobel Prize winner of India
| Year | Laureate | Born | Died | Field | Citation |
| 1902 | Ronald Ross | 13 May 1857
Almora, Uttarakhand |
16 September 1932
London, United Kingdom |
Physiology or Medicine | “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it.” |
| 1907 | Joseph Rudyard Kipling | 30 December 1865
Malabar Hill, South Mumbai, Maharashtra |
18 January 1936
London, United Kingdom |
Literature | “in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author.” |
| 1913 | Rabindranath Tagore | 7 May 1861
Kolkata, West Bengal |
7 August 1941
Kolkata, West Bengal |
Literature | “because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.” |
| 1930 | Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman | 7 November 1888
Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu |
21 November 1970
Bangalore, Karnataka |
Physics | “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.” |
| 1968 | Har Gobind Khorana | 9 January 1922
Raipur, Punjab |
9 November 2011
Concord, Massachusetts, United States |
Physiology or Medicine | “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.”[13]
(awarded together with American biochemists Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley) |
| 1979 | Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C | 26 August 1910
Skopje, North Macedonia |
5 September 1997
Kolkata, West Bengal |
Peace | “for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity.” |
| 1983 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | 19 October 1910
Lahore, Punjab |
21 August 1995
Chicago, Illinois, United States |
Physics | “for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars.”[15]
(awarded together with American astrophysicist William Alfred Fowler) |
| 1998 | Amartya Kumar Sen | 3 November 1933
Santiniketan, Bolpur, West Bengal |
Economics | “for his contributions to welfare economics.” | |
| 2009 | Venkatraman “Venki” Ramakrishnan | 1 April 1952
Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu |
Chemistry | “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.”[17]
(awarded together with American biochemist Thomas A. Steitz and Israeli crystallographer Ada Yonath) |
|
| 2014 | Kailash Satyarthi | 11 January 1954
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh |
Peace | “for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.”[18]
(awarded together with Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai) |
|
| 2019 | Abhijit Banerjee | 21 February 1961
Mumbai, Maharashtra |
Economics | “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”
(awarded together with his wife Esther Duflo and American economist Michael Kremer) |