Republic of India is the largest democracy in the world. It comprises of 28 states and 8 union territories. A total area of 3,287,263 km2 India is the seventh largest and second most populous country in the world.
India shares its land boundary with six neighboring countries. Those are China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The peninsular part of the country is bordered by the Bay of Bangle in the east, Indian Ocean in the south and Arabian Sea in the west.
Mainly, the vast country can divide into six major geographical divisions, e.g. North India, South India, East India, West India, Central India and North East India. Apart from these the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea are also part of the country.
India has a land boundary of 15,200 km and 7,517 km coastal boundary out of which 5,423 kilometres in peninsular part and 2,094 kilometres in the Andaman and Nicobar Island and Lakshadweep.
Below is some important information about the States and Union Territories of India and their maps.
Below are some important information about the States and Union Territories of India and their maps.
States of India:
Andhra Pradesh:
- Capital: Andhra Pradesh has three capitals, Vishakhapatnam is the administrative capital, Amaravati is the legislative capital and Kurnool is the judicial capital.
- Statehood: 1 November 1956
- Area: 162,975 km2
- Boundary: Odisha borders Andhra Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the west, Telangana to the northwest and Bay of Bengal to the east.
- Zone: South India
- Official languages: Telugu and Urdu is the largest minority language.
- Other spoken languages: Lambadi, Koya, Savara, Gadaba, Tamil, Kannada, Odia etc.
Arunachal Pradesh:
- Capital: Itanagar
- Statehood: 20 February 1987
- Area: 83,743 km2
- Zone: Northeast India
- Boundary: Arunachal Pradesh shares boundary with Assam and Nagaland to the south and international border with China, Myanmar in the north and east and Bhutan in the west.
- Official languages: English and Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Tagin, Apatani, Adi, Mishimi, Nocte, Tangsa, Wancho, Assamese and Bengali.
Assam:
- Capital: Dispur (Guwahati)
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 78,438 km2
- Zone: Northeast India
- Boundary: The state shares its border with Indian states Arunachal Pradesh to the north and east, Nagaland and Manipur to the east, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya to the south and West Bengal to the west. Assam also bordered by two foreign countries- Bhutan to the north and Bangladesh to the southwest.
- Official languages: Assamese, Bodo (in Bodoland Territorial Region) and Bengali (in three districts of Barak Valley).
- Other spoken languages: Karbi, Rabha, Tiwa, Tai, Mising, Kuki, Dimasa, Konch-Rajbangshi, Deuri etc.
Bihar:
- Capital: Patna
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 94,163 km2
- Boundary: Bihar shares its border with Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in west and Jharkhand in the south.
- Zone: East India
- Official languages: Hindi and Urdu
- Other spoken languages: Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Angika, Surjapuri, Bengali etc.
Chhattisgarh:
- Capital: Nava Raipur
- Statehood: 1 November 2000
- Area: 135,192 km2
- Boundary: Chhattisgarrh bordered with Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the northwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Maharashtra to the southwest, Odisha in southeast, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south.
- Zone: Central India
- Official language: Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Chhattisgarhi, Surgujia, Gondi, Halbi, Odia, Sadri, Kurukh etc.
Goa:
- Capital: Panaji
- Statehood: 30 May 1987
- Area: 3,702 km2
- Boundary: Goa is surrounded by the Maharashtra to the north, Karnataka to the east and south and the Arabian sea to the west.
- Zone: Western India
- Official language: Konkani
- Other spoken languages: Marathi, Hindi, Kannada, Urdu, Malayalam, Telugu etc.
Gujarat:
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- Statehood: 1 May 1960
- Area: 196,024 km2
- Boundary: Rajasthan borders gujarat to the northeast, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Maharashtra to the southeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, the Arabian Sea to the southwest and Pakistan to the west.
- Zone: West India
- Official language: Gujarati
- Other spoken languages: Bhili, Hindi, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Kutchi, Marathi, Urdu etc.
Haryana:
Capital: Chandigarh
Statehood: 1 November 1966
Area: 44,212 km2
Boundary: Haryana shares its boundary with Himachal Pradesh to the north, Punjab to the northwest, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi to the east, Rajasthan to the south and west.
Zone: North India
Official language: Hindi
Other spoken languages: Haryanvi, Bagri, Ahirwati, Mewati, Braj Bhasha, Urdu, Punjabi etc.
Himachal Pradesh:
- Capital: Shimla
- Statehood: 25 January 1971
- Area: 55,673 km2
- Boundary: Himachal Pradesh bordered with Union territories Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, China occupied Tibet to the East, Indian states Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the South and Punjab to the west.
- Zone: North India
- Official languages: Hindi and Sanskrit
- Other spoken languages: Mandeali, Chambeali, Kangri, Kullu, Bilaspuri, Mahasu Pahari, Nepali, Kashmiri, Kinnauri, Tibetan, Lahauli, Pattani etc.
Jharkhand:
- Capital: Ranchi
- Statehood: 15 November 2000
- Area: 79,710 km2
- Boundary: Jharkhand shares boundary with Bihar to the north , West Bengal to the east, Odisha to the south, Chhattisgarh to the southwest and Uttar Pradesh to the northwest.
- Zone: East India
- Official language: Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Angika, Bengali, Ho, Kharia, Kurukh, Maithili, Mundari, Odia, Santali, Urdu etc.
Karnataka:
- Capital: Bangalore
- Statehood: 1 November 1956
- Area: 191,791 km2
- Boundary: Karnataka is bordered by Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu and Kerala to the south, Goa and Arabian sea to the west.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Kannada
- Other spoken languages: Urdu, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Hindi, Tulu, Konkani, Malayalam, Kodava Takk etc.
Kerala:
- Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
- Statehood: 1 November 1956
- Area: 38,863 km2
- Boundary: Karnataka borders kerala to north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south and Lakshadweep Sea to the west.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Malayalam
- Other spoken languages: Tamil, Tulu and Kannada.
Madhya Pradesh:
- Capital: Bhopal
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 308,252 Km2
- Boundary: Madhya Pradesh shares its borders with Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west and Rajasthan to the northwest.
- Zone: Central India
- Official language: Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Malvi, Nimadi, Bundeli, Bagheli, Rajasthani, Bhilodi, Gondi, Korku, Kalto, Nihali etc.
Maharashtra:
- Capital: Mumbai (summer), Nagpur (winter)
- Statehood: 1 May 1960
- Area: 307,713 Km2
- Boundary: Maharashtra is bordered by Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Telangana to the southeast, Karnataka and Goa to the south and Arabian Sea to the west.
- Zone: West India
- Official language: Marathi
- Other spoken languages: Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Bhili, Konkani, Kannada, Tulu, Varhadi etc.
Manipur:
- Capital: Imphal
- Statehood: 21 January 1972
- Area: 22,327 km2
- Boundary: Manipur bordered with Nagaland to the north, Myanmar to the east and south, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official language: Manipuri (Meitei) and English
- Other spoken languages: Thadou, Tangkhul, Poula, Rongmei, Mao, Nepali, Paite, Hmar, Liangmai, Vaiphei, Kuki, Maram, Bengali etc.
Meghalaya:
- Capital: Shillong
- Statehood: 21 January 1972
- Area: 22,429 km2
- Boundary: Meghalaya is bordered with Assam to the north and east and Bangladesh to the south and west.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official language: English
- Other spoken languages: Khasi, Garo, Pnar, Bengali, Nepali, War, Hindi, Hajong and Assamese.
Mizoram:
- Capital: Aizawl
- Statehood: 20 February 1987
- Area: 21,081 km2
- Boundary: Mizoram shares its boundaries with Assam to the north, Manipur to the northeast, Tripura to the northwest, Myanmar to the east and south and Bangladesh to the west.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official language: English
- Other spoken languages: Mizo, Chakma, Mara, Kokborok, Pawi, Paite, Hmar, Bengali etc.
Nagaland:
- Capital: Kohima
- Statehood: 1 December 1963
- Area: 16,579 km2
- Boundary: Arunachal Pradesh borders nagaland to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and Myanmar to the east.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official language: English
- Other spoken languages: Nagamese, Kanyak, Ao, Lotha, Angami, Chokri, Sangtam, Zeme, Yimchungru, Chang, Khiamniungan, Rengma, Phom etc.
Odisha:
- Capital: Bhubaneswar
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 155,707 km2
- Boundary: Jharkhand and West Bengal border Odisha to the north, the Bay of Bengal to east, Andhra Pradesh to the south and Chhattisgarh to the west.
- Zone: East India
- Official language: Odia
- Other spoken languages: Sambalpuri, Kui, Santali, Urdu, Telugu, Hindi, Bengali.
Punjab:
- Capital: Chandigarh
- Statehood: 1 November 1966
- Area: 50,362 km2
- Boundary: Jammu and Kashmir border Punjab to the north, Chandigarh to the east, Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest and the Punjab province of Pakistan to the west.
- Zone: North India
- Official language: Punjabi
- Other spoken languages: Hindi
Rajasthan:
- Capital: Jaipur
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 342,239 km2 (Rajasthan is the largest state of India)
- Boundary: Punjab borders rajasthan to the north, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast and Gujarat to the southwest and Pakistan to the west.
- Zone: West India
- Official language: Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Rajasthani, Marwari, Bhili, Punjabi, Urdu, Mewari, Wagdi, Harauti, Dhundari, Bagri, Braja Bhasa etc.
Sikkim:
- Capital: Gangtok
- Statehood: 16 May 1975
- Area: 7,096 km2
- Boundary: Sikkim is bordered by three foreign nations e.g. Tibetan region of China to the north and northeast, Bhutan to the east and Nepal to the west and Indian state West Bengal to the south.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official languages: English, Nepali, (Additional official languages: Sikkimese, Lepcha Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newa, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang).
- Other spoken languages: Dzongkha, Groma, Hindi, Majhi, Majhwar, Thulung, Tibetan, Yakha etc.
Tamil Nadu:
- Capital: Chennai
- Statehood: 1 November 1956
- Area: 130,058 km2
- Boundary: Tamil Nadu bordered by Andhra Pradesh to the north, Karnataka to the northwest, Kerala to the west, Puducherry and Bay of Bengal to the east, Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait to southeast and Indian Ocean to the south.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Tamil
- Other spoken languages: Telugu, Kannada, Urdu, Malayalam etc.
Telangana:
- Capital: Hyderabad
- Statehood: 2 June 2014
- Area: 112,077 Km2
- Boundary: Maharashtra borders Telangana to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the south and Karnataka to the west.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Telugu, Urdu
- Other spoken languages: Marathi, Tamil, Lambadi etc.
Tripura:
- Capital: Agartala
- Statehood: 21 January 1972
- Area: 10,491.65 km2
- Boundary: Bangladesh borders tripura to the north, west and south, and Indian state Assam and Mizoram to the east.
- Zone: Northeast India
- Official language: Bengali, Kokborok
- Other spoken languages: Mog, Odia, Bishnupriya, Manipuri, Halam, Garo, Chakma etc.
Uttar Pradesh:
- Capital: Lucknow
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 240,928 km2
- Boundary: Uttarakhand and Nepal border Uttar Pradesh to the north, Bihar to the east, Jharkhand to southeast, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the south, Haryana to the northwest, Delhi and Rajasthan to the west.
- Zone: North India
- Official languages: Hindi, Urdu
- Other spoken languages: Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Braja Bhasa etc.
Uttarakhand:
- Capital: Dehradun (winter), Gairsain (summer)
- Statehood: 9 November 2000
- Area: 53,483 km2
- Boundary: Uttarakhand is bordered by Tibet region of China to the north, Nepal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and northwest.
- Zone: North India
- Official language: Hindi, Sanskrit
- Other spoken languages: Garhwali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali etc.
West Bengal
- Capital: Kolkata
- Statehood: 26 January 1950
- Area: 88,752 km2
- Boundary: Nepal borders west Bengal, Bhutan and Indian state Sikkim to the north, Bangladesh and Assam to the east, Bihar and Jharkhand to the west, Odisha and Bay of Bengal to the south.
- Zone: East India
- Official language: Bengali, Nepali
- Other spoken languages: Hindi, Santali, Urdu, Nepali, Odia, Kamatapuri, Rajbangshi etc.
Union territories of India:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
- Capital: Port Blair
- UT establishment: 1 November 1956
- Area: 8,250 km2
- Boundary: Andaman and Nicobar Island is located in Bay of Bengal. The territory is about 150 km north of Indonesia and separated from Thailand and Myanmar by Andaman Sea.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Hindi
- Other spoken languages: Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Nicobarese etc.
Chandigarh:
- Capital: Chandigarh
- UT establishment: 1 November 1966
- Area: 114 km2
- Boundary: Chandigarh is bordered by Punjab to the north, the west and the south and Haryana to the east.
- Zone: North India
- Official language: English
- Other spoken languages: Hindi, Punjabi
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu:
- Capital: Daman
- UT establishment: 26 January 2020
- Area: 603 km2
- Boundary: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is composed of four distinct areas. Dadra is a small region enclaved within the state of Gujarat. Nagar Haveli is located between Gujarat and Maharashtra. Daman is situated on the coast of Gujarat and Diu is an island of the coast of Gujarat.
- Zone: West India
- Official languages: Gujarati, Hindi, English
- Other spoken languages: Konkani, Marathi etc.
Delhi (National Capital Region):
- Capital: New Delhi
- UT establishment: 1 November 1956
- Area: 1,484.0 km2
- Boundary: Delhi is bordered by Haryana to the north, the west and the south and Uttar Pradesh to the east.
- Zone: North India
- Official language: Hindi, English
- Other spoken languages: Punjabi, Urdu etc.
Jammu and Kashmir:
- Capital: Srinagar (May-October), Jammu (November-April)
- UT establishment: 31 October 2019
- Area: 42,241 km2
- Boundary: Ladakh borders jammu and Kashmir to the north and east, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the south and Pakistan to the west.
- Zone: North India
- Official languages: Urdu, KashmiriOther spoken languages: Dogri, Punjabi, Hindi, Pahari, Gojri, Dadri, Bhadarwahi, Bateri, Shina, Burushaski, Khowar.
Ladakh:
- Capital: Leh, Kargil
- UT establishment: 31 October 2019
- Area: 59,146 km2
- Boundary: Ladakh shares international boundaries with Tibet region of China to the north, the east and the southeast, Pakistan to the west. It also shares borders with Indian territory Jammu and Kashmir to the west and Himachal Pradesh to the south.
- Zone: North India
- Official language: Hindi, English
- Other spoken languages: Ladakhi, Urdu, Balti, Purgi, Hindi etc.
Lakshadweep:
- Capital: Kavaratti
- UT establishment: 1 November 1956
- Area: 32.62 km2
- Boundary: Lakshadweep is a group of islands located in the Laccadive Sea.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Malayalam, English
- Other spoken languages: Jeseri, Dhivehi, Mahl etc.
Puducherry:
- Capital: Pondicherry
- UT establishment: 16 August 1962
- Area: 483 km2
- Boundary: The Puducherry is composed of fourth areas located in South India. Tamil Nadu bounds the Puducherry and Karaikal area, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala enclose Yanam and Mahe areas.
- Zone: South India
- Official language: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, French